The competent authority of nuclear safety, AEC, Executive Yuan, has formulated rigorous standards and operational regulations for nuclear energy facilities and radiation protection to ensure the safety of people and relevant operators. In terms of nuclear energy safety control, in addition to Taiwan Power Company's Department of Nuclear Safety, which is responsible for conducting safety audits of nuclear energy-related facilities, AEC also dispatches personnel to audit to ensure safety.

Atomic Energy Council is the competent authority for atomic energy in Taiwan, responsible for the safety supervision of domestic nuclear power plants, nuclear facilities and radiation workplaces. The "Fuel Cycle and Materials Administration, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan" (referred to as FCMA) is mainly responsible for the safety control of domestic radioactive waste.

According to article 22 of the Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Law, FCMA not only carries out annual regular inspections and routine inspections, but also sends personnel to the Lanyu Low-Level Storage Site for unscheduled inspections. The relevant control minutes are announced on the website of the FCMA.
In order to ensure the operational safety of the Lanyu Low-Level Storage Site, the FCMA also requires Taiwan Power Company to provide report on the operation, radiation protection, and environmental monitoring of the Lanyu Low-Level Storage Site regularly.

The rainwater that has penetrated into the storage trench is collected in a closed collection tank, and then processed by a concentrator until its radioactivity is less than instrument’s minimum measurable value. It is temporarily stored in a barrel for reuse in the Storage Site. In addition, the laundry waste water is also processed by a concentrator to instrument’s minimum measurable value, so that it can be reused. The residue and concentrated liquid are only around 3%. Then, solidify them. Since 1996, no radioactive wastewater has been discharged.

According to the results of epidemiological surveys conducted in the Lanyu in recent years, 
no abnormalities in cancer incidence were found in residents. At present, the Ministry of
Economic Affairs has entrusted the Ministry of Health and Welfare to assist in the "Pioneer Research Project of Long-term Health and Safety Assessment of Low-Level Nuclear Waste on Lanyu Residents and Epidemiology ". According to the results of the "Epidemiology 
Survey of the Environment and Residents near Nuclear Energy Facilities" by institutions for academic research commissioned by the Department of Health in 1998 and 1999, no difference between the health statuses of residents near the nuclear energy facilities (the 
research group) and that of the general population (the control group)

According to the death statistics in townships during 2014 to 2018 from the website on Ministry of Health and Welfare, the standardized cancer mortality rate (the number of deaths per 100,000 people) of Lanyu residents is similar to that of neighboring townships (Green Island, Taitung County’s Daren Township, Taitung City, Pingtung County’s Mudan Township, and Pingtung County’s Manchu Township). No abnormalities have occurred. Although there is no obvious reason to prove that (Lanyu) Low-Level Radioactive Waste Storage Site is related to the health status of nearby residents, in order to avoid unnecessary suspicion and eliminate doubts of villagers, Taiwan Power Company has adopted the most direct and practical method. Since 1999, the villagers were invited to the Radiation Laboratory of Taiwan Power Company’s No. 3 Nuclear Power Plant to measure the presence of artificial radioactive substances in the body. 4,423 people have accepted the test by the end of September 2017. The results show that no villagers were invaded by artificial radioactive nuclides. And the results have been sent to participants. Currently, the whole body measurement activity of the residents is changed to the annual Lanyu Township Youth Basketball Tournament in conjunction with Lanyu people's quick screening for radiation pollution.
In order to further reassure the residents of Lanyu, clarify the impact of (Lanyu) Low-Level Radioactive Waste Storage Site on the health of people, and promote the effectiveness of communication, the Ministry of Economic Affairs has entrusted the Ministry of Health and Welfare to handle the "Pioneer Research Project of Long-term Health and Safety Assessment of Low-Level Nuclear Waste on Lanyu Residents and Epidemiology". The project has been approved by the Executive Yuan and funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs' Nuclear Backend Fund. The Ministry of Health and Welfare handles the health inspection of Lanyu residents. The period of the health checkups was from November 2018 to the end of August 2019. The total number of Lanyu residents that received health checkups is 2,500.